Crowlspace

April 2, 2011

Strange Habitats

Filed under: Biology,Carnival,Cosmos,exoplanets,SETI,Super-Tech — Adam @ 3:05 pm

Some recent news pieces have expanded possible locales for Life. We’ve looked at…

Supernova made Earths warmed via Dark Matter

…and we’ll look at…

White Dwarf Habitable Zones

…but a new(ish) idea is “failed stars” – brown dwarfs, but smaller than the 13 Jupiter-mass deuterium-burning limit – might be suitable for life based on other solvents like ammonia and ethane, not just water…Failed Stars for Life

Another idea, which Frederick Pohl imagined in his last Heechee novel, is Life existing inside super-massive Black Holes…

Is There Life inside Black Holes?

…a Kerr-Newmann Black Hole (i.e. A spinning one) has a region between its inner and outer event horizons which permits stable orbits, thus providing a locale for adventurous Lifeforms to exist. Just how they would get power for living and avoid in-falling matter from beyond the outer horizon is speculative, at best, but truly advanced entities might want direct access to the singularity that might exist within.

But does General Relativity give us a sure guide to the interior of Black Holes? Theo M. Nieuwenhuizen has applied some alternative gravity theories to black holes, with the interesting result that instead of infinite blue-shift at the event horizon, and even more bizarre phantasmagoric phenomena within, instead the mass of the collapsed star might form a giant Bose-Einstein Condensate, without any of the singularities and weird horizons of regular GR. Of course whether the particular gravity theory is correct requires experimental confirmation, but it does suggest that plain-old GR, as Einstein gave it to us, might be incomplete.

March 29, 2011

Fermions & the Fermi Paradox II

Filed under: Biology,Carnival,Cosmos,SETI,Starflight,Super-Tech — Adam @ 1:25 pm

Since my first brief note on R.J.Spivey’s essay two newer versions have appeared…

Version 1: From fermions to the Fermi paradox: a fertile cosmos fit for life?

Version 2: Fermi’s pardox and the interpretation of the stelliferous era

Version 3: A biotic cosmos demystified?

…while other researchers have asked whether Dark Matter has a role in making habitable planets in the present day…

Dark Matter and the Habitability of Planets

…the latter arguing that self-annihilating Dark Matter (whatever it might be) may be a significant energy source for starless planets near the Galactic Core. If Spivey’s thesis is correct, then such planets are prime targets for would-be Galactic Colonists to begin their multi-gigayear “conquest”.

March 26, 2011

White Dwarfs and the Long Dark

Filed under: Biology,Carnival,Cosmos,SETI — Adam @ 9:15 pm

White Dwarfs are already relatively common in the Galaxy, but as the Universe ages they will proliferate. About 200 billion will form before the gas runs out for star formation in the Milky Way. But by then the Milky Way and Andromeda’s M31 will merge as ‘Milkomeda’ – a largish Elliptical Galaxy – roughly doubling the numbers. Stars will age and brighten as Milkomeda ages at ever smaller stellar masses, until all the fusible gases are depleted and stars are too small to fuse.

In the Long Dark that follows, every 100 billion years, star corpses and wannabe stars, the brown dwarfs, will collide with sometimes spectacular results. A brown dwarf and white dwarf collision will probably result in either a renewal of fusion burning for the white dwarf or a nova explosion. Two brown dwarfs colliding could produce an low mass star or a renewed hot brown dwarf glowing from the collision’s kinetic energy. Two white dwarfs colliding could have a number of outcomes – with enough energy the helium or carbon fusion Main sequences can be triggered. Alternatively a mass above the Chandrasekhar Limit, or close to it, can produce a thermonuclear detonation, with the stars totally disrupted in a Type Ia Supernova.

According to the Fertile Cosmos proposal of R.J.Spivey each Type Ia conflagration produces sufficient heavy elements to make roughly 450 thousand Earth mass ocean planets. These, in turn, are warmed via neutrino pair-annihilation in their iron cores, sufficient to keep their sub-glacial oceans warm for a 100 billion trillion years.

February 21, 2011

Fermions & the Fermi Paradox

R.J.Spivey writes a provocative essay for the arXiv…

From Fermions to the Fermi Paradox: A Fertile Cosmos Fit for Life?

…basically Spivey suggests we’re jumping to conclusions too soon about Life in the Cosmos, that the real party is after our current Stelliferous Era, when Life exists in a multitude of planets formed from supernova remnants, powered by neutrino annihilation in pressurized iron. Spivey is also disinclined to include us as that “Life” – we might yet attain that level of advancement, but for now our Future fate is for us to create. We might fail to advance to the level of Galactic Colonists, able to adapt to Ocean planets under ice, living off the thin trickle of energy from neutrinos (via the reverse photo-neutrino effect) for 100 billion trillion years. He suggests that the efforts to make artificial life will fail and that we’ll need to hone our bioengineering skills to remodel an ecosystem fit for the Ocean planets of the distant future.

January 14, 2011

Femtotech – the Outlook

Filed under: Biology,Cosmos,SETI,Super-Tech — Adam @ 8:34 pm

In the previous post I mentioned the Femtotech discussion at H+ Magazine…

There’s Plenty More Room at the Bottom: Beyond Nanotech to Femtotech

…and a companion piece…

Searching for Phenomena in Physics that May Serve as Bases for a Femtometer Scale Technology

…both discussing the prospects for femtotech, which is femtometre scale technology or manipulation of processes at the femtometre scale. A femtometre is 1 millionth the scale of a nano-metre and the scale at which nuclear processes, the realm of the strong force, is dominant. Femtotech would involve speeds trillions of times higher than nanotech – itself trillions of times quicker than events at the metre scale. The energy levels would be similarly higher too.

To get an idea of what femtotech could do, one should look at Alexander Bolokin’s speculative paper on materials composed at the femtometre scale with nuclear strength…

Femtotechnology: Nuclear Matter with Fantastic Properties

…a fantastic cornucopia of possibilities arise if such material can be made, and made stable. No material held together by mere electromagnetic forces can make, for example, the Dyson Sphere an actual whole sphere. AB-Matter femtotech could. Conceivably advanced cultures have wrapped themselves in femtotech, so that not only are they able to make star-system sized spheres, but also divert light around the sphere and redirect their own waste heat in directions of their choosing.

One wonders if advanced civilizations haven’t “gone stealth” for reasons we can’t imagine and have migrated to the Galactic Perimeter for a better view of the CMB…

Galactic Gradients, Postbiological Evolution and the Apparent Failure of SETI

…perhaps leaving behind advanced automation able to keep an eye on future trouble-makers like us.

Plenty More Room…

Filed under: Anthropology,Biology,Cosmos,SETI,Sol Space,Super-Tech — Adam @ 7:39 pm

A commenter on a discussion of femtotech at HPlus gave a detailed breakdown of how to feed 30 billion people on Planet Earth and squeeze them in…

Work Free Future / There’s Still Room on Earth – BUT SHARE

…was kind of a non-sequitur in the context. Here’s my reply…

Nice, though kind of unrelated. And you’re missing the point. All those foodstuffs could be manufactured via nanotech food-fabbers from basic CHON materials (plus essential micronutrients) from any source. If you want a world fed and powered by solar, then we can do much better than the ~0.1% energy storage efficiency of living things. Every person on Earth could be fed and serviced from an associated tank of raw-materials feeding into the right nano-tech system. We might need to get used to the idea of throwing our things back in the fabber to be reconfigured, but I am sure we could adapt.

In that situation, then how many can be accomodated on Planet Earth? Personally, given the prospect of bulk carbonoid materials of near diamond strength materials, I like Arthur C. Clarke’s concept from his “3001: The Final Odyssey” of the large inhabited towers reaching up to geosynchronous orbit. Assuming 3.5786 metres per level, then each tower is 10,000,000 levels high. Assuming a lateral cross-sectional area of ~ 1 km^2, then 3 towers arranged equidistant around the equator represent 30,000,000 sq.kilometres of accomodation. Giving each person a generous 1,000 square metre allotment, then allows the 30 billion previously proposed to be accomodated with minimal use of terrestrial landscape. Of course a wider set of Towers can squeeze more in. 300 billion? 3 trillion?

How much energy do they need? Connected to geosynchronous orbit directly the Towers might be powered entirely from the bounty of the Sun directly. Supporting 3 trillion at the 10 kW/person level – the energy equivalent of 100 times a person’s recommended caloric intake – means 30,000 TW is required. While this is a full quarter of the light absorbed by Earth the collector arrays need only be ~8.4% the area at 50% efficiency due to the near perpetual sunlight at that great remove from Earth’s shadow.

Of course since most people would then be living in space and reduced gravity, the next logical move is further out. Really thinking nano – and human engineering – we might adapt our bodies to empty space itself, recycling most of the time and powering our bodies with the sun. We’d need to work-out how to survive flares (x-ray photosynthetic symbiotes?) and high energy particles, but with nano…

Linda Nagata‘s “Vast” features a variety of different space-adapted humans and aliens, quite convincingly portrayed.

October 4, 2010

Scientists…

from here. Courtesy of Invader Xan.

August 6, 2010

Brainy Blogging from Brazil: Part 1

Filed under: Anthropology,Biology,Super-Tech — Adam @ 12:26 pm

The human brain as a linearly scaled-up primate brain.

There are truisms in brain-science which hide more than they reveal. For example, the old line that there’s 100 billion neurones in the brain and ten times as many non-neurones as neurones. It’s true, and not true, but the details are complicated. From the diagrammed average brain we have the following breakdown…

Whole Brain:
1500 grams, 170 billion (170 B) cells
86 B neurones
84 B non-neurones
ratio non/neurone: 0.99

Cerebral Cortex: 81.8% mass, 19.0% neurones
1233 grams, 77 B cells
16 B neurones
61 B non-neurones
ratio non/neurone: 3.76

Cerebellum: 10.3% mass, 80.2% neurones
154 grams, 85 B cells
69 B neurones
16 B non-neurones
ratio non/neurone: 0.23

Rest of Brain: 7.8% mass, 0.8% neurones
118 grams, 8.4 B cells
0.7 B neurones
7.7 B non-neurones
ratio non/neurone: 11.35

…which is interesting because the even ratio of neurone to non-neurone (which includes glial cells and blood vessels etc.) is not evenly distributed. Surprisingly the cortex isn’t the main show for neurones – the “Back-up Brain”, the cerebellum, has more. Which makes sense because of its intensive role in fine-motor control and similar real-time computation heavy work. If the cortex is the repository of cognition and memory, with the hippocampus as the “pattern buffer” of memorising processing, then the higher glial component is needed for its support role for the chemical and hormonal changes needed by memory and “higher level” thinking.

The cerebellum is the “robot controller” which has to smooth out the commands from the cortex and monitors them in real time. Thus lots of neuronal circuits working to keep “body programs” running smoothly in dynamic response to external conditions , thus the neurones are all squeezed close together for maximum speed.

More glial are needed in the brain-stem and cortex because they contain more “cabling” – longer neuronal ‘wires’ feed-up from the body, and back to the body, through the brain-stem and fan-out into the different cortical areas, as well as cross-wiring the different cortical areas.

Ok. Enough description. Part 2 will explore some of the implications.

May 28, 2010

Prospects for Oxygen-Breathers in Europa

Filed under: Biology,Carnival,Cosmos,SETI — Adam @ 2:45 pm

An MSNBC news-bite covering a recent study by Richard Greenberg, long time Europa researcher, which quantifies the delivery of oxygen, produced by photolysis of surfaces ices, to the ocean beneath. The ocean seems to be highly oxygenated and, Greenberg estimates, able to support a macro-fauna mass of 3 million tons.

Kind of old news since I’ve discussed it before, but new to MSNBC. The juxtaposition of that news-bite with the arXiv-org blog’s coverage of this paper: A natural mechanism for l-homochiralization of prebiotic aminoacids …which explicates an elegant solution to the homochirality of biomolecules via convection around a deep-sea vent. Yes, as simple as that. Apparently amino acid crystals, alanine for example, form slightly larger crystals in one mirror-form than the other. That disparity is enough for one chirality to accumulate in excess, then gradually convert the other form into its own chiral state. Easy.

And Europa’s chief heat-source? Deep-sea vents, or the equivalent thereof.

May 8, 2010

Neanderthal Man is… Us!

Filed under: Anthropology,Biology — Adam @ 10:44 pm

NEANDERTALS LIVE! from Assoc. Prof. John Hawks’ weblog.

John Hawks discusses how Neanderthals have survived to the present day, as recently revealed by their sequenced genomes. More interestingly it means the Neanderthals were the same species as Homo sapiens – they really were Homo sapiens neanderthalis, a sub-species variant, as a lot of older paleoanthropologists insisted c.30-40 years ago. We didn’t evolve from them, but they have contributed genes to our common humanity. All us non-Africans, and probably many living Africans, owe them a debt of ancestry. Our expanding population of African-originated variant Homo swallowed up the smaller population of regional variants that was ‘Neanderthal Man’, some 50-40,000 years ago…

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